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Python Source | 2010-12-26 | 28.1 KB | 860 lines

"""An FTP client class and some helper functions. Based on RFC 959: File Transfer Protocol (FTP), by J. Postel and J. Reynolds Example: >>> from ftplib import FTP >>> ftp = FTP('ftp.python.org') # connect to host, default port >>> ftp.login() # default, i.e.: user anonymous, passwd anonymous@ '230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.' >>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents total 9 drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 . drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg '226 Transfer complete.' >>> ftp.quit() '221 Goodbye.' >>> A nice test that reveals some of the network dialogue would be: python ftplib.py -d localhost -l -p -l """ # # Changes and improvements suggested by Steve Majewski. # Modified by Jack to work on the mac. # Modified by Siebren to support docstrings and PASV. # Modified by Phil Schwartz to add storbinary and storlines callbacks. # import os import sys # Import SOCKS module if it exists, else standard socket module socket try: import SOCKS; socket = SOCKS; del SOCKS # import SOCKS as socket from socket import getfqdn; socket.getfqdn = getfqdn; del getfqdn except ImportError: import socket from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT __all__ = ["FTP","Netrc"] # Magic number from <socket.h> MSG_OOB = 0x1 # Process data out of band # The standard FTP server control port FTP_PORT = 21 # Exception raised when an error or invalid response is received class Error(Exception): pass class error_reply(Error): pass # unexpected [123]xx reply class error_temp(Error): pass # 4xx errors class error_perm(Error): pass # 5xx errors class error_proto(Error): pass # response does not begin with [1-5] # All exceptions (hopefully) that may be raised here and that aren't # (always) programming errors on our side all_errors = (Error, IOError, EOFError) # Line terminators (we always output CRLF, but accept any of CRLF, CR, LF) CRLF = '\r\n' # The class itself class FTP: '''An FTP client class. To create a connection, call the class using these arguments: host, user, passwd, acct, timeout The first four arguments are all strings, and have default value ''. timeout must be numeric and defaults to None if not passed, meaning that no timeout will be set on any ftp socket(s) If a timeout is passed, then this is now the default timeout for all ftp socket operations for this instance. Then use self.connect() with optional host and port argument. To download a file, use ftp.retrlines('RETR ' + filename), or ftp.retrbinary() with slightly different arguments. To upload a file, use ftp.storlines() or ftp.storbinary(), which have an open file as argument (see their definitions below for details). The download/upload functions first issue appropriate TYPE and PORT or PASV commands. ''' debugging = 0 host = '' port = FTP_PORT sock = None file = None welcome = None passiveserver = 1 # Initialization method (called by class instantiation). # Initialize host to localhost, port to standard ftp port # Optional arguments are host (for connect()), # and user, passwd, acct (for login()) def __init__(self, host='', user='', passwd='', acct='', timeout=_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT): self.timeout = timeout if host: self.connect(host) if user: self.login(user, passwd, acct) def connect(self, host='', port=0, timeout=-999): '''Connect to host. Arguments are: - host: hostname to connect to (string, default previous host) - port: port to connect to (integer, default previous port) ''' if host != '': self.host = host if port > 0: self.port = port if timeout != -999: self.timeout = timeout self.sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port), self.timeout) self.af = self.sock.family self.file = self.sock.makefile('rb') self.welcome = self.getresp() return self.welcome def getwelcome(self): '''Get the welcome message from the server. (this is read and squirreled away by connect())''' if self.debugging: print '*welcome*', self.sanitize(self.welcome) return self.welcome def set_debuglevel(self, level): '''Set the debugging level. The required argument level means: 0: no debugging output (default) 1: print commands and responses but not body text etc. 2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LF''' self.debugging = level debug = set_debuglevel def set_pasv(self, val): '''Use passive or active mode for data transfers. With a false argument, use the normal PORT mode, With a true argument, use the PASV command.''' self.passiveserver = val # Internal: "sanitize" a string for printing def sanitize(self, s): if s[:5] == 'pass ' or s[:5] == 'PASS ': i = len(s) while i > 5 and s[i-1] in '\r\n': i = i-1 s = s[:5] + '*'*(i-5) + s[i:] return repr(s) # Internal: send one line to the server, appending CRLF def putline(self, line): line = line + CRLF if self.debugging > 1: print '*put*', self.sanitize(line) self.sock.sendall(line) # Internal: send one command to the server (through putline()) def putcmd(self, line): if self.debugging: print '*cmd*', self.sanitize(line) self.putline(line) # Internal: return one line from the server, stripping CRLF. # Raise EOFError if the connection is closed def getline(self): line = self.file.readline() if self.debugging > 1: print '*get*', self.sanitize(line) if not line: raise EOFError if line[-2:] == CRLF: line = line[:-2] elif line[-1:] in CRLF: line = line[:-1] return line # Internal: get a response from the server, which may possibly # consist of multiple lines. Return a single string with no # trailing CRLF. If the response consists of multiple lines, # these are separated by '\n' characters in the string def getmultiline(self): line = self.getline() if line[3:4] == '-': code = line[:3] while 1: nextline = self.getline() line = line + ('\n' + nextline) if nextline[:3] == code and \ nextline[3:4] != '-': break return line # Internal: get a response from the server. # Raise various errors if the response indicates an error def getresp(self): resp = self.getmultiline() if self.debugging: print '*resp*', self.sanitize(resp) self.lastresp = resp[:3] c = resp[:1] if c in ('1', '2', '3'): return resp if c == '4': raise error_temp, resp if c == '5': raise error_perm, resp raise error_proto, resp def voidresp(self): """Expect a response beginning with '2'.""" resp = self.getresp() if resp[:1] != '2': raise error_reply, resp return resp def abort(self): '''Abort a file transfer. Uses out-of-band data. This does not follow the procedure from the RFC to send Telnet IP and Synch; that doesn't seem to work with the servers I've tried. Instead, just send the ABOR command as OOB data.''' line = 'ABOR' + CRLF if self.debugging > 1: print '*put urgent*', self.sanitize(line) self.sock.sendall(line, MSG_OOB) resp = self.getmultiline() if resp[:3] not in ('426', '225', '226'): raise error_proto, resp def sendcmd(self, cmd): '''Send a command and return the response.''' self.putcmd(cmd) return self.getresp() def voidcmd(self, cmd): """Send a command and expect a response beginning with '2'.""" self.putcmd(cmd) return self.voidresp() def sendport(self, host, port): '''Send a PORT command with the current host and the given port number. ''' hbytes = host.split('.') pbytes = [repr(port//256), repr(port%256)] bytes = hbytes + pbytes cmd = 'PORT ' + ','.join(bytes) return self.voidcmd(cmd) def sendeprt(self, host, port): '''Send a EPRT command with the current host and the given port number.''' af = 0 if self.af == socket.AF_INET: af = 1 if self.af == socket.AF_INET6: af = 2 if af == 0: raise error_proto, 'unsupported address family' fields = ['', repr(af), host, repr(port), ''] cmd = 'EPRT ' + '|'.join(fields) return self.voidcmd(cmd) def makeport(self): '''Create a new socket and send a PORT command for it.''' msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list" sock = None for res in socket.getaddrinfo(None, 0, self.af, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE): af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res try: sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto) sock.bind(sa) except socket.error, msg: if sock: sock.close() sock = None continue break if not sock: raise socket.error, msg sock.listen(1) port = sock.getsockname()[1] # Get proper port host = self.sock.getsockname()[0] # Get proper host if self.af == socket.AF_INET: resp = self.sendport(host, port) else: resp = self.sendeprt(host, port) if self.timeout is not _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: sock.settimeout(self.timeout) return sock def makepasv(self): if self.af == socket.AF_INET: host, port = parse227(self.sendcmd('PASV')) else: host, port = parse229(self.sendcmd('EPSV'), self.sock.getpeername()) return host, port def ntransfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None): """Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send a port command and the transfer command, and accept the connection. If the server is passive, send a pasv command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the socket for the connection and the expected size of the transfer. The expected size may be None if it could not be determined. Optional `rest' argument can be a string that is sent as the argument to a REST command. This is essentially a server marker used to tell the server to skip over any data up to the given marker. """ size = None if self.passiveserver: host, port = self.makepasv() conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), self.timeout) if rest is not None: self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest) resp = self.sendcmd(cmd) # Some servers apparently send a 200 reply to # a LIST or STOR command, before the 150 reply # (and way before the 226 reply). This seems to # be in violation of the protocol (which only allows # 1xx or error messages for LIST), so we just discard # this response. if resp[0] == '2': resp = self.getresp() if resp[0] != '1': raise error_reply, resp else: sock = self.makeport() if rest is not None: self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest) resp = self.sendcmd(cmd) # See above. if resp[0] == '2': resp = self.getresp() if resp[0] != '1': raise error_reply, resp conn, sockaddr = sock.accept() if self.timeout is not _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: conn.settimeout(self.timeout) if resp[:3] == '150': # this is conditional in case we received a 125 size = parse150(resp) return conn, size def transfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None): """Like ntransfercmd() but returns only the socket.""" return self.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest)[0] def login(self, user = '', passwd = '', acct = ''): '''Login, default anonymous.''' if not user: user = 'anonymous' if not passwd: passwd = '' if not acct: acct = '' if user == 'anonymous' and passwd in ('', '-'): # If there is no anonymous ftp password specified # then we'll just use anonymous@ # We don't send any other thing because: # - We want to remain anonymous # - We want to stop SPAM # - We don't want to let ftp sites to discriminate by the user, # host or country. passwd = passwd + 'anonymous@' resp = self.sendcmd('USER ' + user) if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd) if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct) if resp[0] != '2': raise error_reply, resp return resp def retrbinary(self, cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None): """Retrieve data in binary mode. A new port is created for you. Args: cmd: A RETR command. callback: A single parameter callable to be called on each block of data read. blocksize: The maximum number of bytes to read from the socket at one time. [default: 8192] rest: Passed to transfercmd(). [default: None] Returns: The response code. """ self.voidcmd('TYPE I') conn = self.transfercmd(cmd, rest) while 1: data = conn.recv(blocksize) if not data: break callback(data) conn.close() return self.voidresp() def retrlines(self, cmd, callback = None): """Retrieve data in line mode. A new port is created for you. Args: cmd: A RETR, LIST, NLST, or MLSD command. callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called for each line with the trailing CRLF stripped. [default: print_line()] Returns: The response code. """ if callback is None: callback = print_line resp = self.sendcmd('TYPE A') conn = self.transfercmd(cmd) fp = conn.makefile('rb') while 1: line = fp.readline() if self.debugging > 2: print '*retr*', repr(line) if not line: break if line[-2:] == CRLF: line = line[:-2] elif line[-1:] == '\n': line = line[:-1] callback(line) fp.close() conn.close() return self.voidresp() def storbinary(self, cmd, fp, blocksize=8192, callback=None): """Store a file in binary mode. A new port is created for you. Args: cmd: A STOR command. fp: A file-like object with a read(num_bytes) method. blocksize: The maximum data size to read from fp and send over the connection at once. [default: 8192] callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called on on each block of data after it is sent. [default: None] Returns: The response code. """ self.voidcmd('TYPE I') conn = self.transfercmd(cmd) while 1: buf = fp.read(blocksize) if not buf: break conn.sendall(buf) if callback: callback(buf) conn.close() return self.voidresp() def storlines(self, cmd, fp, callback=None): """Store a file in line mode. A new port is created for you. Args: cmd: A STOR command. fp: A file-like object with a readline() method. callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called on on each line after it is sent. [default: None] Returns: The response code. """ self.voidcmd('TYPE A') conn = self.transfercmd(cmd) while 1: buf = fp.readline() if not buf: break if buf[-2:] != CRLF: if buf[-1] in CRLF: buf = buf[:-1] buf = buf + CRLF conn.sendall(buf) if callback: callback(buf) conn.close() return self.voidresp() def acct(self, password): '''Send new account name.''' cmd = 'ACCT ' + password return self.voidcmd(cmd) def nlst(self, *args): '''Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current).''' cmd = 'NLST' for arg in args: cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg) files = [] self.retrlines(cmd, files.append) return files def dir(self, *args): '''List a directory in long form. By default list current directory to stdout. Optional last argument is callback function; all non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the LIST command. (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)''' cmd = 'LIST' func = None if args[-1:] and type(args[-1]) != type(''): args, func = args[:-1], args[-1] for arg in args: if arg: cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg) self.retrlines(cmd, func) def rename(self, fromname, toname): '''Rename a file.''' resp = self.sendcmd('RNFR ' + fromname) if resp[0] != '3': raise error_reply, resp return self.voidcmd('RNTO ' + toname) def delete(self, filename): '''Delete a file.''' resp = self.sendcmd('DELE ' + filename) if resp[:3] in ('250', '200'): return resp else: raise error_reply, resp def cwd(self, dirname): '''Change to a directory.''' if dirname == '..': try: return self.voidcmd('CDUP') except error_perm, msg: if msg.args[0][:3] != '500': raise elif dirname == '': dirname = '.' # does nothing, but could return error cmd = 'CWD ' + dirname return self.voidcmd(cmd) def size(self, filename): '''Retrieve the size of a file.''' # The SIZE command is defined in RFC-3659 resp = self.sendcmd('SIZE ' + filename) if resp[:3] == '213': s = resp[3:].strip() try: return int(s) except (OverflowError, ValueError): return long(s) def mkd(self, dirname): '''Make a directory, return its full pathname.''' resp = self.sendcmd('MKD ' + dirname) return parse257(resp) def rmd(self, dirname): '''Remove a directory.''' return self.voidcmd('RMD ' + dirname) def pwd(self): '''Return current working directory.''' resp = self.sendcmd('PWD') return parse257(resp) def quit(self): '''Quit, and close the connection.''' resp = self.voidcmd('QUIT') self.close() return resp def close(self): '''Close the connection without assuming anything about it.''' if self.file: self.file.close() self.sock.close() self.file = self.sock = None _150_re = None def parse150(resp): '''Parse the '150' response for a RETR request. Returns the expected transfer size or None; size is not guaranteed to be present in the 150 message. ''' if resp[:3] != '150': raise error_reply, resp global _150_re if _150_re is None: import re _150_re = re.compile("150 .* $(\d+) bytes$", re.IGNORECASE) m = _150_re.match(resp) if not m: return None s = m.group(1) try: return int(s) except (OverflowError, ValueError): return long(s) _227_re = None def parse227(resp): '''Parse the '227' response for a PASV request. Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)' Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.''' if resp[:3] != '227': raise error_reply, resp global _227_re if _227_re is None: import re _227_re = re.compile(r'(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)') m = _227_re.search(resp) if not m: raise error_proto, resp numbers = m.groups() host = '.'.join(numbers[:4]) port = (int(numbers[4]) << 8) + int(numbers[5]) return host, port def parse229(resp, peer): '''Parse the '229' response for a EPSV request. Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(|||port|)' Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.''' if resp[:3] != '229': raise error_reply, resp left = resp.find('(') if left < 0: raise error_proto, resp right = resp.find(')', left + 1) if right < 0: raise error_proto, resp # should contain '(|||port|)' if resp[left + 1] != resp[right - 1]: raise error_proto, resp parts = resp[left + 1:right].split(resp[left+1]) if len(parts) != 5: raise error_proto, resp host = peer[0] port = int(parts[3]) return host, port def parse257(resp): '''Parse the '257' response for a MKD or PWD request. This is a response to a MKD or PWD request: a directory name. Returns the directoryname in the 257 reply.''' if resp[:3] != '257': raise error_reply, resp if resp[3:5] != ' "': return '' # Not compliant to RFC 959, but UNIX ftpd does this dirname = '' i = 5 n = len(resp) while i < n: c = resp[i] i = i+1 if c == '"': if i >= n or resp[i] != '"': break i = i+1 dirname = dirname + c return dirname def print_line(line): '''Default retrlines callback to print a line.''' print line def ftpcp(source, sourcename, target, targetname = '', type = 'I'): '''Copy file from one FTP-instance to another.''' if not targetname: targetname = sourcename type = 'TYPE ' + type source.voidcmd(type) target.voidcmd(type) sourcehost, sourceport = parse227(source.sendcmd('PASV')) target.sendport(sourcehost, sourceport) # RFC 959: the user must "listen" [...] BEFORE sending the # transfer request. # So: STOR before RETR, because here the target is a "user". treply = target.sendcmd('STOR ' + targetname) if treply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959 sreply = source.sendcmd('RETR ' + sourcename) if sreply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959 source.voidresp() target.voidresp() class Netrc: """Class to parse & provide access to 'netrc' format files. See the netrc(4) man page for information on the file format. WARNING: This class is obsolete -- use module netrc instead. """ __defuser = None __defpasswd = None __defacct = None def __init__(self, filename=None): if filename is None: if "HOME" in os.environ: filename = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".netrc") else: raise IOError, \ "specify file to load or set $HOME" self.__hosts = {} self.__macros = {} fp = open(filename, "r") in_macro = 0 while 1: line = fp.readline() if not line: break if in_macro and line.strip(): macro_lines.append(line) continue elif in_macro: self.__macros[macro_name] = tuple(macro_lines) in_macro = 0 words = line.split() host = user = passwd = acct = None default = 0 i = 0 while i < len(words): w1 = words[i] if i+1 < len(words): w2 = words[i + 1] else: w2 = None if w1 == 'default': default = 1 elif w1 == 'machine' and w2: host = w2.lower() i = i + 1 elif w1 == 'login' and w2: user = w2 i = i + 1 elif w1 == 'password' and w2: passwd = w2 i = i + 1 elif w1 == 'account' and w2: acct = w2 i = i + 1 elif w1 == 'macdef' and w2: macro_name = w2 macro_lines = [] in_macro = 1 break i = i + 1 if default: self.__defuser = user or self.__defuser self.__defpasswd = passwd or self.__defpasswd self.__defacct = acct or self.__defacct if host: if host in self.__hosts: ouser, opasswd, oacct = \ self.__hosts[host] user = user or ouser passwd = passwd or opasswd acct = acct or oacct self.__hosts[host] = user, passwd, acct fp.close() def get_hosts(self): """Return a list of hosts mentioned in the .netrc file.""" return self.__hosts.keys() def get_account(self, host): """Returns login information for the named host. The return value is a triple containing userid, password, and the accounting field. """ host = host.lower() user = passwd = acct = None if host in self.__hosts: user, passwd, acct = self.__hosts[host] user = user or self.__defuser passwd = passwd or self.__defpasswd acct = acct or self.__defacct return user, passwd, acct def get_macros(self): """Return a list of all defined macro names.""" return self.__macros.keys() def get_macro(self, macro): """Return a sequence of lines which define a named macro.""" return self.__macros[macro] def test(): '''Test program. Usage: ftp [-d] [-r[file]] host [-l[dir]] [-d[dir]] [-p] [file] ... -d dir -l list -p password ''' if len(sys.argv) < 2: print test.__doc__ sys.exit(0) debugging = 0 rcfile = None while sys.argv[1] == '-d': debugging = debugging+1 del sys.argv[1] if sys.argv[1][:2] == '-r': # get name of alternate ~/.netrc file: rcfile = sys.argv[1][2:] del sys.argv[1] host = sys.argv[1] ftp = FTP(host) ftp.set_debuglevel(debugging) userid = passwd = acct = '' try: netrc = Netrc(rcfile) except IOError: if rcfile is not None: sys.stderr.write("Could not open account file" " -- using anonymous login.") else: try: userid, passwd, acct = netrc.get_account(host) except KeyError: # no account for host sys.stderr.write( "No account -- using anonymous login.") ftp.login(userid, passwd, acct) for file in sys.argv[2:]: if file[:2] == '-l': ftp.dir(file[2:]) elif file[:2] == '-d': cmd = 'CWD' if file[2:]: cmd = cmd + ' ' + file[2:] resp = ftp.sendcmd(cmd) elif file == '-p': ftp.set_pasv(not ftp.passiveserver) else: ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + file, \ sys.stdout.write, 1024) ftp.quit() if __name__ == '__main__': test()